Similarly, in order to make a character’s jaw appear to drop in surprise, For example, in order to make a figure’s arm stretch out to pick up an object, the animators would replace itįrame by frame with an incrementally longer arm. Of its animated movement (particularly the more fluid effects of squash and stretch) was achieved through the replacement Regularly used and, in fact, popularized this approach with the advent of its ‘replacement animation system’.Īlthough Pal’s studio did also animate many of its figures in the traditional stop-motion (manipulated) method, a lot A notable early example can be found in the work of George Pal’s Puppetoons studio which, in the 1940s, Basically,Īny movement that requires an elasticity or a distortion of a character’s form can be readily achieved through the use Slightly different in pose) would be sequentially replaced under the camera in order to produce a seven-minute animated film.Īn analogous approach can also be used in the production of stop-motion films. For example, thousands of individual drawings of Mickey Mouse and friends (each Most examples of traditional celĪnimation would adhere to this technique. Or forms that are then successively replaced (one new image or form at a time), in order to create the illusion of a singularĪnd persistent, yet moving, form. Most stop-motion puppet animated films are produced in this way – the animator will incrementally, but directly,īy contrast, replacement animation involves the creation of multiple completed images Manipulated animation usually involves the moving of a single image Movement: manipulated animation and replacement animation. Traditionally, there have been two primary methods employed in the creation of animated This chapter discusses the use of replacement animation in CoralineĪnd considers some of the theoretical, narrative and aesthetic implications that this technique can facilitate. Is also echoed throughout the primary storyline, for example when the various characters are systematically replaced with ‘Other characters’ (such as the ‘Other Mother’ and the ‘Other That is, the very concept and process of replacement animation is represented thematically throughout the film. Not only is the materiality of stop motion highly visible in Coraline, but the use of replacement animation also becomes a kind of metanarrative that permeates the film. Use of the replacement animation technique. Made which thematically reflect the handcrafted and labour-intensive process of stop-motion animation and, specifically, the Also, a number of more subtle alterations were The screen these included adding sequences and introducing new characters. Gaiman and, as with most filmic adaptations, a number of narrative changes were made in order to bring it successfully to The movie is based on the book Coraline by Neil Pal Puppetoons studio productions), it nevertheless represents a relatively distinctive approach that is worthy of close analysis.ĭue to recent advances in 3D printing, which have enabled the speedy production of precisely constructed puppet forms, replacementĪnimation is becoming both more prevalent and more complex. Stop-motion animation productions since at least the 1930s (most notably in the George Although replacement animation has been utilized within Click to rotate the face around its axis.Puppet animation, think of the manipulation of an individual puppet character being moved incrementally one frame at a time.īut what helps to make Coraline (Henry Selick, 2009) such a masterpiece of fluid stop-motionĪnimation is its use of replacement animation, whereby puppet parts (such as the head)Īre replaced (one frame at a time) with slightly dissimilar ones. Since your character probably does not always look straight into the camera, you can use the rotate tool to adjust the rotation of the face.Click the mouth or eye symbol to select a mouth or eye shape that fits best to the characters feelings you want to express.Drag the handles to enlarge or shrink the face image.If not shown, click the face to see the layer handles.Click the Add Layer button to open the layer menu.From the Movie Editor, right click the frame to open the frame edit menu. ![]() After you have captured all images, you can start adding facial expressions in the image editor. Make sure to capture the character with an empty face, just turn your head so that mouth and eyes disappear behind your hair. ![]() With Stop Motion Studio you can change eye and mouth shapes at any time. Of course you can change the head of the figure while animating, but you would need a large selection of heads. The Image Editor Add Facial Expresions to LEGO® figuresĪdd mouth and eye shapes to your LEGO® figures to create facial expressions or let them speak.
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